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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own you could try this out PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's special info more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might prefer another try this out algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.